기록리더 : Lim chae won
기록리더 학교 : Seoul Samyook middle school
취재 날짜 : 2015. 11. 28.
취재 장소 : a statue of King Sejong the Great
취재 제목 : King Sejong the Great
문화재 취재내용 :
Sejong was born on May 15, 1397, the third son of King Taejong. Born with family name Yi, given name Do, family origin Jeonju, sobriquet Wonjeong. Posthumous name is Sejong. Posthumous title, abbreviated, is Jang Heon Great King, and official title is Sejong Jangheon Yeongmun Yemu Inseong Myeonghyo Daewang. When he was twelve, he became Grand Prince Choong-Nyung. As a young prince, Sejong excelled in various studies and was favored by King Taejong over his two older brothers.
As the third son of Taejong, Sejong’s ascension to the throne was unique. Taejong’s eldest son, Yangnyeong, was named heir apparent in 1404. However, Yangnyeong’s free spirited nature as well as his preference for hunting and leisure activities resulted in his removal from the position of heir apparent in June of 1418. Though it is said that Yangnyeong abdicated in favor of his younger brother, there are no definitive records regarding Yangnyeong’s removal. Taejong’s second son Grand Prince Hyo-Ryung became a monk upon the elevation of his younger brother Sejong.
Following the removal of Yangnyeong as heir apparent, Taejong moved quickly to secure his youngest son’s position as heir apparent. The government was purged of officials who disagreed with the removal of Yangnyeong. In August of 1418, Taejong abdicated in favor of Sejong. However, even in retirement Taejong continued to influence government policy. Sejong’s surprising political savvy and creativity did not become apparent until after Taejong’s death in 1422.
Sejong reinforced Confucian policies and executed major legal amendments (공법; 貢法). He also oversaw the creation of Hangul, encouraged advancements of scientific technology, and instituted many other efforts to stabilize and improve prosperity. He dispatched military campaigns to the north and instituted the Samin Policy to attract new settlers to the region. To the south, he subjugated Japanese raiders and captured Tsushima Island.
King Sejong the Great profoundly affected Korean history with his introduction of hangul, the native phonetic alphabet system for the Korean language.
Before the creation of Hangul, only members of the highest class were literate (hanja was typically used to write Korean by using adapted Chinese characters, while Hanmun was sometimes used to write court documents in classical Chinese). One would have to learn the quite complex hanja characters in order to read and write Korean. Further, despite modifications to the Chinese characters, hanja could prove cumbersome when transcribing the Korean language, due to considerable differences in grammar and sentence order. While creating the alphabet, King Sejong encountered opposition of courtiers.
King Sejong presided over the introduction of the 28-letter Korean alphabet, with the explicit goal being that Koreans from all classes would read and write. Each hangul letter is based on a simplified diagram of the patterns made by the mouth, tongue and teeth when making the sound related to the character. Morphemes are built by writing the characters in syllabic blocks. His intention was to establish a cultural identity for Korea through its unique script. The blocks of letters are then strung together linearly.
First published in 1446, anyone could learn Hangul in a matter of days. Persons previously unfamiliar with Hangul can typically pronounce Korean script accurately after only a few hours of study.
And during his reign from 1418 to 1450, he governed from 1418 to 1442 and governed as regent with his son Grand Prince MoonJong until his death in either 1442 or 1450.
Although the appellation “the Great” was given posthumously to almost every ruler of Goryeo and Joseon, this title is usually associated to Gwanggaeto, Munmu and Sejong.
느낀 점 : I saw the inventor that made the ‘Hangeul“ which is Korean characters. He’s King Sejong the Great. He is a person who I respect. He is a great person who created Hangul, our national language. He created Hangul sacrificing himself for those who is illiterate, feeling pity on them. Also He was an excellent judge of character, could spot hidden talents in men and respected them for their abiliteis regardless of their social position. A patorn of the arts and sciences, he attracted around him the very best minds of the day. and He was a man of action and a practical person, who took a keen interst in the day-to-day affairs of government, tenaciously seeking the best solution to problems of agriculture, defense and diplomacy, as well as literature, printing, medicine and science.
Seeing him sacrificing himself for somebody, I feel like being like him. Nowadays, There are many people being reapected, but he has still been respected by many people so far.
And he is remembered as the great king by most of Korean. In the future, I would like to be remembered as the best and the great person.
기록리더 : Lim chae won
기록리더 학교 : Seoul Samyook middle school
취재 날짜 : 2015. 11. 28.
취재 장소 : The pontiff’s visit place
취재 제목 : The pontiff’s visit
문화재 취재내용 :
Pope Francis accepted an invitation to visit South Korea in August 2014. The four-day visit from 14 to 18 August 2014 was to culminate with a Papal Mass at Myeongdong Cathedral, the seat of the Archdiocese of Seoul on 18 August. During a mass on August 16th, the Pope beatified 124 Korean Catholic martyrs
Arise, shine!” (Isaiah 60, 1)
With these words, which the prophet addressed to Jerusalem, I turn to you. As you know, I come on the occasion of the Sixth Asian Youth Day. To young people in particular I shall bring the call of the Lord: “Asian Youth! Wake up! The glory of the martyrs shines upon you”.
The above passage is part of Pope Francis’ message to Koreans before his visit. He was in Korea for 5 days and 4 nights from August 14 to 18. It was his first papal visit to Asia.
The Pope’s visit is God’s blessing to Koreans as well as a present. He electrified all Koreans, Catholics and non-Catholics alike, with what is called the ‘Francis Syndrome’ or ‘Francis Effect’. His achievements during the visit grabbed front-page headlines of major dailies and were on air in the prime broadcast airtime. Lots of people followed the Pope wherever he went. His every single word and action deserved much attention. He was not only a newsmaker but also a superstar.
Korea, the country Pope Francis visited, is still under a tragic situation. She is a divided country after years of fratricidal war. As North and South Korean soldiers stand off each other, hundreds of thousands of separated families are still in the pain of separation. Korea has developed from a poor country that relied on foreign aids to a wealthy country that can help other countries in half of a century. In spite of that, she is experiencing conflict between the poor and the rich as a result of the compressed growth.
Korea has a distinctive Catholic history. The Korean Church was founded by the laity, and flourished through the many sacrifices of the martyrs. Some Korean literati got an idea of Catholicism through reading and studying Catholic books and tried to practice it by themselves with little help from foreign missionaries. But the Catholic Church in Korea was suppressed by the government in its early days. About 10,000 believers died as martyrs in persecutions for more than one hundred years. 103 of them have been canonized in 1984, 124 of them were beatified by the Pope in this visit.
Every single modesty action of the Pope caught the eyes of all Koreans. The Holy Father chose a Kia compact car instead of a bulletproof car. He even carried his bag by himself. He also declined a special chair and sit on a humble chair. He refused a dazzling dinner and stayed in the lodging of the embassy. When he entered the children’s room, he even took off his shoes.
The Pontiff met those who were suffering. He often caressed and hugged several disabled children. He consoled the families of the victims of the Sewol ferry disaster and wore a yellow ribbon to share in their sorrow. Though this action is a politically sensitive issue in this country, he showed his will by saying “There is no neutrality before the suffering of brothers and sisters.” He consoled by holding the hands of a group of the so called comfort women who were forced into sex slavery by Japanese soldiers during World War ∐. He also gave comfort to North Korean defectors, migrant workers and discharged laborers. The highest in the church served the weakest in the world.
The Pope advised Koreans as well. He told the Korean church to get out of the temptation of becoming a church for the middle class. He recommended sternly to the ascetic saying “Hypocritical wealthy living, after doing monastic vow of poverty, must hurt the believers and damage the church. He emphasized communication and dialogue when listening to others patiently. While the Pope celebrated a Mass for the peace and reconciliation of the divided country, he urged people to wholly forgive those who have sinned against them. Citing verses from the Bible in which Jesus told Peter to forgive 70 times 7, he emphasized reconciliation and peace.
and we should do firstly as the Pope delivered the closing ment in Asian Youth Day
“Wake up!”
느낀 점 : There are the site of the beautification of the 124 Korean Martyrs. In this place, some words in here. “This stome is laid to honor this site on which Pope Francis elevated Yun Ji-Chung Paul and his companion martyrs to the ranks of the Blessed and proclaimed it to the world on August 16, 2014.” Through the Francis Effect, the Korean Church is changing. Lapsed Catholics return, the inquiries of entering a faith rise, and pilgrims to the Holy Place where the Pope visited is also increasing. The gift of the Pope has become the assignment of the Korean Church. We should germinate and raise a seed of hope which the Pope planted through his actions. Just like his attitude of listening carefully to sufferers, we should have the communicative attitude to hear other’s opinion patiently. Just like his modesty to serve the alienated neighborhood, we should bond together with them. I feel very thanks for pontiff’s visit and I wish everyone to have hope.
기록리더 : Lim chae won
기록리더 학교 : Seoul Samyook middle school
취재 날짜 : 2015. 11. 28.
취재 장소 : Gyeongbokgung
취재 제목 : Gyeongbokgung
문화재 취재내용 : Gyeongbokgung also known as Gyeongbokgung Palace or Gyeongbok Palace, was the main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty. Built in 1395, it is located in northern Seoul, South Korea. The largest of the Five Grand Palaces built by the Joseon dynasty, Gyeongbokgung served as the home of Kings of the Joseon dynasty, the Kings’ households, as well as the government of Joseon.
Gyeongbokgung continued to serve as the main palace of the Joseon dynasty until the premises were destroyed by fire during the Imjin War and abandoned for two centuries. However in the 19th century, all of the palace’s 7,700 rooms were later restored under the leadership of Prince Regent Heungseon during the reign of King Gojong. Some 500 buildings were restored on a site of over 40 hectares. The architectural principles of ancient Korea were incorporated into the tradition and appearance of the Joseon royal court.
In the early 20th century, much of the palace was systematically destroyed by Imperial Japan. Since then, the walled palace complex is gradually being reconstructed to its original form. Today, the palace is arguably regarded as being the most beautiful and grandest of all five palaces. It also houses the National Palace Museum of Korea and the National Folk Museum within the premises of the complex.
Gyeongbokgung was built three years after the Joseon dynasty was founded and it served as its main palace. With Mount Bugak as a backdrop and the Street of Six Ministries (today’s Sejongno) outside Gwanghwamun Gate, the main entrance to the palace, Gyeongbokgung was situated in the heart of the Korean capital city. It was steadily expanded before being reduced to ashes during the Japanese invasion of 1592.
For the next 273 years the palace grounds were left derelict until being rebuilt in 1867 under the leadership of Regent Heungseon Daewongun. The restoration was completed on a grand scale, with 330 buildings crowded together in a labyrinthine configuration. Within the palace walls were the Outer Court (oejeon), offices for the king and state officials, and the Inner Court (naejeon), which included living quarters for the royal family as well as gardens for leisure. Within its extensive precincts were other palaces, large and small, including Junggung (the Queen`s residence) and Donggung (the Crown prince’s residence).
Owing to its status as the symbol of national sovereignty, Gyeongbokgung was demolished during the Japanese occupation of the early 20th century. In 1911, ownership of land at the palace was transferred to the Japanese Governor-General. In 1915, on the pretext of holding an exhibition, more than 90% of the buildings were torn down. Following the exhibition the Japanese leveled whatever still remained and built their colonial headquarters, the Government-General Building (1916–26), on the site.
Restoration efforts have been ongoing since 1990. The Government-General Building was removed in 1996 and Heungnyemun Gate (2001) and Gwanghwamun Gate (2006-2010) were reconstructed in their original locations and forms. Reconstructions of the Inner Court and Crown Prince’s residence have also been completed.
and It was in 1395, three years after the Joseon Dynasty was founded by Yi Seong-gye, when the construction of the main royal palace was completed. The palace was named Gyeongbokgung, “the Palace Greatly Blessed by Heaven.” With Mount Bugaksan to its rear and Mount Namsan in the foreground, the site of Gyeongbokgung Palace was at the heat of Seoul and, indeed, deemed auspicious according to the traditional practice of geomancy. In front of Gwanghwamun Gate, the main entrance to the palace, ran Yukjogeori (Street of Six Ministried, today’s Sejongno), home to major government offices. Along the central axis upon which Gwang – residence. The government ministry district and main buildings of Gyeongbokgung Palace formed the heart of the capital city of Seoul and represented the sovereignty of the Joseon Dynasty.
After all the palaces in the capital were razed by the Japanese during the Japanese invasion of 1592-1598, Changdeokgung, a secondary palace, was rebuilt and served as the main palace. Gyeongbokgung Palace was left derelict for the next 270 years. It was finally reconstructed in 1867 byt the order of the Prince Regent. The palace the Prince Regent created was markedly different from the original. Some 500 buildings were built on a site of over 691,921 and constituted a small city. The architectural principles of ancient China were harmoniously incorporated into both the tradition and the appearance of the Joseon royal court.
Gyeongbokgung Palace was largely torn down during the Japanese occupation. Almost all of the restored buildings were dismantled, Gwanghwamun Gate was removed, and an enormous building housing the Japanese Government-General was constructed in front of the main sector of the palace. An effort to fully restore Gyeongbokgung Palace to its former glory has been ongoing since 1990. The colonial Government-General building was removed, and Heungnyemun Gate was restored to its original state. Gwanghwamun Gate as well as residences of the king, queen and the crown prince was restored to its their original state.
느낀 점 : I love Korean palaces such as Gyeongbokgung. Because When I take a walk there, I can enjoy the old fashioned buildings, gardens, ponds and Pavillion. Gyeongbok means that ‘The new dynasty will be greatly blessed and prosperous,’ and ‘gung’ means ‘palace’ in Korean. Actually, most of the buildings in Seoul city are modern, but the Gyeongbokgung is an exception. The traditional houses were almost destroyed during the Korean war and gradually disappeared with appearance of western modern house. In Gyeongbokgung, I can see many places where tradition is alive and feel how beautiful the Korean traditional architectures are. I especially like dancheong, traditional multicolored paintwork on wooden palace. It means traditional symbols from Budaism. So, I used to take pictures of dancheong. Also, I can learn the history about Joseon Dynasty and life of ancestor, Because Gyeongbokgung was the main and largest palace of the Joseon Dynasty. Furthermore, It’s easy for me to go by subway Because It’s located in the middle of northern Seoul city, Also it’s not far from many other Palaces and close to the U.S embassy and Japan embassy. Most of all, I love garden of Gyeongbokgung, because I feel relaxed and enjoyed nature such as tree, flower, fresh air and outside breeze. I especially love natural style of Korean garden. Seventy percent of Korean territory is covered with beautiful mountains. Therefore, our ancestors tried to preserve nature when they made garden. For example, When there is a trees and waterway at place of garden, they left threes in its natural state and made in harmony with a waterway. Gyeongbokgung have beautiful two gardens. One is Gyeonghoeru, the other one is Hyangwonjeong. I like smaller Hyangwonjeong. It was garden which Gojong ,the last king of Joseon Dynasty presented to his wife. It means that good scent reach so far. Hyangwonjeong contain rectangular, artificial pond and round small island in the middle of pond and a long wooden bridge crossed to the island. There is a two story gazebo in the middle of island. The first floor is outdoor room with Korean heating system ,and people can sit there and relaxing with having drinks in winter. The second floor is made of wooden and has no walls except for pillar. It is opened all around. So, I crossed over the bridge to gazebo and used to looking out beautiful scenery of garden. While I see the water of ponds and reflection of mountain and trees, I get relaxed and feel like to be at ancient place and time. The Hexagonal roof is decorated with phoenix paintwork, symbol of protection from Taoism. The island in the middle of pond means utopia. But the queen tragically died young at the hand of Japanese assassin. Gyeongbokgung change various seasonally , because It is surrounded by beautiful mountains. Many lotus flowers are in boom on a pond. And There are colourlful fallen leaves in autumn and cover with snows in winter. When I am there, I feel change of nature, history and our life.
기록리더 : Lim chae won
기록리더 학교 : Seoul Samyook middle school
취재 날짜 : 2015. 11. 28.
취재 장소 : (취재는 하지 않았으나) a statue of Admiral Yi Sun sin
취재 제목 : Yi Sun sin
문화재 취재내용 :
Yi Sun-sin was a Korean naval commander, famed for his victories against the Japanese navy during the Imjin war in the Joseon Dynasty, and is well-respected for his exemplary conduct on and off the battlefield not only by Koreans, but by Japanese Admirals as well. Military historians have placed General Yi Sun-Sin on par with Admiral Horatio Nelson as arguably the greatest naval commander in history for his undefeated record against seemingly insurmountable odds despite no background in naval training. His title of Samdo Sugun Tongjesa, literally meaning “Naval Commander of the Three Provinces,” was the title for the commander of the Korean navy until 1896.
Perhaps his most remarkable military achievement occurred at the Battle of Myeongnyang. Outnumbered 133 warships to 13, and forced into a last stand with only his minimal fleet standing between the Japanese Army and Seoul, he still managed to leave 31 of the 133 Japanese warships either destroyed or impaired, without losing a single ship of his own.
Despite never having received naval training or participating in naval combat prior to the war, and constantly being outnumbered and outsupplied, he went to his grave as one of few admirals in world history who remained undefeated after commanding as many naval battles as he did (at least 23).
A fleet of 72 led by Admiral Yi Sun-sin Facing a Japanese combat fleet of 82, Admiral Yi Sun-sin lured the enemy into the narrow Hansando channel using 5 Panokseon battleships He spread his fleet across both flanks, and reared its head toward the massive Japanese fleet His HakIkJin tactics had the Japanese fleet surrounded. Korean ships behind the island waited in ambush.
A Geobukseon ship infiltrated the middle of the Japanese ships. The Japanese fleet scattered. The battle was on. 47 Japanese ships were torpedoed, 12 were captured, and some 8,980 Japanese hands were injured. Casualties among saviors of Joseon were minimal.The Naval Battle of Hansando – Admiral Yi Sun-sin Admiral Yi Sun-Sin, with more than 40 naval battles under his belt, went undefeated in his naval career.At the Battle of Myeongryang, the Admiral Yi’s force, 12 combat ships, completely wiped out a Japanese fleet of 130, with nary a loss. His naval tactics, his thorough knowledge of topography, and his fine personality, made Admiral Yi Sun-Sin respected even among apanese forces. In the early 20C, there were some fierce naval power struggles.
In one such battle, Japan, led by Admiral Togo Heihachiro, showed what could only be considered as careful study of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin’s tactics at the Battle of Hansando.
Yi died at the Battle of Noryang on December 16, 1598. With the Japanese army on the verge of being completely expelled from the Korean Peninsula, he was mortally wounded by a single bullet. His famous dying words were, “The battle is at its height…beat my war drums…do not announce my death.“
The royal court eventually bestowed various honors upon him, including a posthumous title of Chungmugong , an enrollment as a Seonmu Ildeung Gongsin (First-class military order of merit during the reign of Seonjo), and two posthumous offices, Yeonguijeong , and the Deokpung Buwongun. Yi remains a venerated hero among Koreans today.
느낀 점 : During the past five or six years, since the earliest days of war, the enemy have been unable to penetrate the Chungchong and Cholla provinces directly, for our navy has blocked their way.
Your humble servant still commands no fewer than twelve ships.
If i engage the enemy fleet with resolute effort, even now, as I belive, they can driven back. The total decommissioning of our navy would not only please the enemy, but would open up for him the sea route along the coast of Chungchong province, enabling him to sail up the Han River itself.
According to the principles of strategy, ‘He who seeks death will live, and he who seeks life will die!’ And again, ‘If one defender stands watch by a strong gateway, he may drive terror deep into the heart of enemy coming up by the ten thousand!!’
to men in our condition, these sayings are worth more than gold. You, my captains, are expected to render strict obedience to my commands. If you do not, not even the least error will be pardoned, nay, but severely punished accoring to Marial Law!.
The 13 ships of the Korean Navy stood arrayed against the enemy in Ilja-jin(One Line Formation).
Ilja-jin is one of the simplest formations, consisting of a group of ships lined abreast with thier prows facing the enemy; understandably, with only 13 shipsm Yi was not at liberty to attempt anything more complex or diverse.
and Yi soon sin is a legendary hero and great naval admiral in the Joseon Dynasty. Joseon had experienced a big war named ‘Im-Jin war’ which Korea was attacked by Japan in 1592. Despite Joseon’s land army which was largely defeated by Japan, he defeated the Japanese navy.His most famous three achievements are known as the battle of Hansando, battle of Myeongnyang, battle of Noryang. In battle of Hasando at July 1592, Yi soon sin defeated 70 Japanese warships with tactics called hak-ik-jin and his unique warship ‘turtle ship’ picked the world’s four naval battles. A grand battle of Hansando has a great significance because it blocked the supplies of Japanese army and heading north. The second great battle in Myeongnyang, the general fought against the enemy’s 133 warships with just only his own 13 warships and destroyed the enemy’s 31 warships with his own minimum damage. To encourage the soldiers who were taken aback by the enormous authority of the enemy, General Lee said ‘those who seek death shall live. those who seek life shall die’. The final battle of Noryang has a great historical importance in finishing the Imjin War. He suddenly attacked the 500 Japanese ships and destroyed 450 ships. Despite the fact that he was shot in the chest, he was concerned about the soldier’s morale and died leaving a testament , “Do not say my death. ” Last year, the film “MYEONGNYANG – ROARING CURRENTS” was very successful, and the movie shed new light on the great man Soon Shin who has bravery and mind that never gives up. Despite many jealous traps and hardships, he defended Josun dynasty from Japan.
I would like to carve the courage and endurance of admiral YI sun-sin in my mind and spirit.